![]() ![]() Collecting saliva: 2 mL of mixed whole unstimulated saliva is spat into a sterile universal container, which is vibrated on a bench vibrator for 30 seconds to disaggregate the organisms.Imprint culture: Sterile plastic foam pads are dipped in a special solution and pressed against the mucosal surface for 60 seconds.Swabbing: Using sterile wooden spatulas, the lesion is scraped for a sample and tested.Laboratory tests are done to confirm the diagnosis. It is therefore necessary to seek professional advice before self-treatment.Ĭlinical signs and symptoms, in conjunction with a thorough medical history, are generally used by the dentist to make a provisional diagnosis of oral thrush. ![]() Misdiagnosis is likely if individuals try to diagnose themselves, as there are many other white lesions that can also occur in the mouth. Oral thrush is characterised as a white lesion in the mouth. Although there are different clinical manifestations of oral thrush, the most familiar one is called the pseudomembranous type, and has the above characteristics. On examination, the dentist will most commonly see white cheesy or curd-like plaques on the tongue, inner cheek or palate which, when scrubbed, will leave a reddish site that may bleed slightly on contact. Creamy white cheesy or curd-like plaques.Difficulty swallowing liquids and solids and/or.However, some of the symptoms can include: ![]() Many people with oral thrush can remain asymptomatic for a long period of time. However, if it is left untreated in people with HIV/AIDS, it can progress rapidly to the throat, causing difficulty in swallowing medication and food, leading to an early death. Oral antifungal medication often helps in the regression of the disease. Oral thrush progresses slowly in healthy individuals and can resolve on its own when the oral environment becomes normal. Oral thrush can also occur due to some behavioural factors such as poor oral hygiene, dehydration and insufficient nutrition to the body. ![]() Medications like antibiotics, steroids and immunosuppressants in the treatment of malignancies are all also causative factors of the occurrence of oral thrush. Saliva plays a major role in the prevention of Candidal overgrowth therefore, disturbances to normal salivary physiology and decreased salivary flow represent major risk factors for oral thrush. Age can also be a factor, since the disease is more common in the very young and very old. Immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer, have the highest risk of developing the disease. Any changes in the oral environment can cause the Candida species to multiply and colonise the mouth, leading to oral thrush. Healthy adults and children can also present with oral thrush if they do not maintain good oral hygiene, although this is uncommon.Ībout 45% of infants on breastmilk and almost 60% of people who wear loose or ill-fitting dentures develop oral thrush.Ĭandida species are a part of the normal flora of the mouth. It is also seen frequently in people undergoing chemotherapy and those in healthcare facilities. It is estimated that 95% of individuals who are HIV positive will at some point develop oral thrush. Oral thrush is most common in the very young, the very old or the very sick. ![]()
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